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Technical Data
Sheets
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Reinforcement Fabrics Special
Fabric Finishes
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Most
reinforcement fibres, as supplied by the manufacturer, have a small amount of
size on their surface, designed to reduce filament damage and facilitate
handling during weaving. Fabrics woven from these fibres and supplied untreated
are described as loomstate. |
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Carbon fibres are supplied with a size finish (normally epoxy
or polyester based) which both aids processing and enhances compatibility with
commonly used thermosetting matrices. Fabric woven from glass rovings which
have a bonding agent applied by manufacturers are supplied, like carbon fibre
fabrics, in loomstate only (Code 000). |
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In
the case of glass or aramid fibres, it is necessary to remove the protective
size applied by the manufacturer, and, in most cases, to treat the fabric with
specific chemical finishes to enhance matrix compatibility (see tables 2 &
3). |
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| Glass
Fabrics |
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Weaving oils and sizes on glass fabrics are normally removed by
a batch heat cleaning (Code 165) or caramelising (code 274) process, which
involves carefully controlled heating of the fabric; a range of proprietary
finishes are available (see table below) which may be applied to batch heat
cleaned fabrics to improve adhesion of the fibres to the chosen matrix and aid
handling. |
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| Aramid
Fabrics |
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Most
loomstate aramid fabrics are treated by scouring to remove original sizing.
This involves passing the fabric through a bath containing chemical agents, and
subsequent drying under controlled conditions. In this state (Code 001), aramid
fabrics are suitable for many composite and other applications. However, if the
fabric is to be used with a polyester or vinyl ester resin, then additional
finishing (Code 286) is recommended. |
Table 2 Available
Finishes
| Code |
Finish - (*To BS 3396 Part
3) |
Grade |
| 000 |
Loomstate |
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| 001 |
Scoured and Dried |
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| 165 |
Batch Heat Cleaned |
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| 196 |
Amino Silane (A 1100)
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| 1967 |
Amino Silane (Soft)
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| 205* |
Methacrylato Chromic Chloride
(Volan) |
C |
| 208* |
Vinyl Silane |
S |
| 223* |
Methacrylato Silane
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S |
| 274 |
Caramelising |
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| 286 |
Proprietary Finish for Kevlar
When Used with Polyester Resins |
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| 287 |
Epoxy Silane |
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Table 3- Recommended Glass
Fabric Finishes For Compatibility with various Resin Systems
| Resin System
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Recommended
Finish |
| 165 |
196
1967 |
205(3) |
208 |
223 |
274 |
287 |
| Polyester |
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** |
* |
***(1) |
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| Epoxide |
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** |
* |
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***(2) |
| Vinylester |
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* |
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** |
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| Phenolic |
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** |
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* |
| Polyimide |
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* |
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| Silicone |
* |
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| Melamine |
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* |
| Acrylic |
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* |
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Note to Table 3
The recommended finish for each
resin system is indicated by an asterisk. When two or more finishes are
recommended the order of preference is indicated by the number of asterisks
(first choice has the most asterisks).
In some instances there are
notable performance, handling or other characteristics associated with the
choice of a certain finish. Attention is drawn to this in the table by suffix
numbers (1), (2) and (3) which tie in with the notes below.
(1) Better performance than 205
but handling is stiffer.
(2) Better performance than 196
but handling is softer.
(3) Best choice if
bi-compatibility with polyester and epoxide is required.
All statements, technical
information and recommendations contained in this data sheet are given in good
faith and are based on tests believed to be reliable, but their accuracy and
completeness are not guaranteed. They do not constitute an offer to any person
and shall not be deemed to form the basis of any subsequent contract, nor to
constitute any warranty or representation as to quality, merchantability or
fitness for purpose.
All products are sold subject to
the seller's Standard Terms and Conditions of Contract. Accordingly the user
shall determine the suitability of the products for his intended use prior to
purchase and shall assume all risk and liability in connection therewith. It is
the responsibility of those wishing to sell items made from or embodying the
products to inform the user of the properties of the products and the purposes
for which they may be suitable, together with all precautionary measures
required in handling those products. The information contained in this leaflet
is under constant review and liable to be modified from time to time.
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